Shumuk Danila Lavrentievich

Shumuk Daniil (Danila) Lavrentievich

Genus. in 1914 in with. Boremshchina of the Lyubomlsky district in Volyn. At the age of 17, he began the fight against the Polish occupation regime, joined the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. At the age of 19 he was convicted, spent 5 years and 4 months in Polish prisons. In 1939 returned to his homeland, taught geography in schools. May 15, 1941 arrested by the Soviet authorities "as the brother of an enemy of the people." From prison he was drafted into the Red Army. As part of the penal battalion, he participated in battles with the Wehrmacht. Got captured. He was in a concentration camp for prisoners of war in the city of Khorol in the Poltava region. Managed to escape. He organized a partisan detachment in his homeland, which in 1943. joined the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Through fundamental differences with the leadership of the UPA, he refused to take part in hostilities and taught economic geography at military courses. After the arrival of the Soviet Army in the summer of 1944. commanded a UPA marching group in the Zhytomyr region, disbanded it. In December 1944 arrested in 1945. convicted under Art. 54-1, paragraph "a" and art. 54-2, paragraph "a" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ("treason") to execution, which was replaced by 20 years in the camps. He served his sentence in the 3rd hard labor camp in Norilsk. was one of the organizers of the uprising of prisoners in Norilsk in June - September 1953, for which he was transferred to the Vladimir prison. Released in 1956. He returned home, but under pressure from the KGB, he was forced to leave for the Dnipropetrovsk region. November 19, 1957 offered to cooperate with the KGB, after the refusal he was arrested and placed in a prison in Lutsk.
05/05/1958 convicted in a closed court under Art. 54-10 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR ("agitation against the Soviet regime") for 10 years in strict regime camps. Contained in Vorkuta, then in Taishet (village Vikhorivka). In 1962 transferred to the Mordovian camp ZhKh-385/7, from there on 10/21/1967. exported to Kyiv and 11/20/1967. released.
In 1970 finished a book of memoirs published in the West.
01/12/1972 arrested again on charges of carrying out "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" (Article 62 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR) and of providing "knowingly false testimony" (Article 197 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR). During the arrest, the memories were seized. 5-7.07.1972 sentenced by the Kyiv regional court to 10 years in camps of especially strict regime and 5 years of exile. Recognized as a particularly dangerous recidivist. Contained in Mordovia, camp Sosnovka.
10/10/1972 applied to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for exemption from citizenship of the USSR, then applied with similar statements in 1973 and 1974.
In detention, he took an active part in numerous protests, hunger strikes, although he was ill and was repeatedly hospitalized with a stomach ulcer and other diseases. 1978 recognized as a disabled person of the 2nd group. From February 1979 - Member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group (UHG).
03/01/1980 transferred to the special security department of camp VS-389/36-1 (village of Kuchino, Chusovsky district, Perm region), later transferred to the strict regime of the same zone, then to camp VS-389/35 (village of Vsekhsvyatskaya). In 1982 staged into exile in s. Karatobe, Ural region (Kazakhstan), where he was under administrative supervision until 04.01.1987.
After more than 42 years of wandering through prisons, camps and exiles in 1987. left for permanent residence in Canada, Toronto. November 28, 2002 moved to Krasnoarmeysk, Donetsk region. to his daughter, where he died on May 21, 2004.
Author of the books "Beyond the Eastern Horizon", "Experienced and Rethought", "From the Gulag to the Free World".