Kamenev Lev Borisovich

Kamenev Lev Borisovich

Genus. in 1883 in Moscow in an educated Russian-Jewish family. Since 1901 - a student at Moscow University. As one of the organizers of student unrest in 1902, he was expelled from the university. Since 1903 - a Bolshevik. Participant in the revolution of 1905–1907 He led the work of the Bolshevik faction in the IV State Duma, was arrested and exiled to Siberia. At the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets, he was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Not sharing the policy of the majority of the Central Committee, in early November 1917 he left it and left his post in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
During the October Revolution 25.10. (07.11) 1917 was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. He left this post on November 4 (17), 1917, demanding the creation of a homogeneous socialist government (a coalition government of the Bolsheviks with the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries).
In November 1917 he joined the delegation sent to Brest-Litovsk to conclude a separate treaty with Germany. In January 1918, at the head of the Soviet delegation, he went abroad as the new Russian ambassador to France, but the French government refused to recognize his authority. Upon returning to Russia, he was arrested on March 24, 1918 in the Aland Islands by the Finnish authorities. He was released on 08/03/1918 in exchange for the Finns arrested in Petrograd.
From September 1918 he was a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, and from October 1918 he was the chairman of the Moscow Council (he held this post until May 1926).
Since March 1919 he became a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). 04/03/1922. It was Kamenev who suggested that Stalin be appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP(b). Since 1922, due to Lenin's illness, Kamenev presided over meetings of the Politburo.
On September 14, 1922, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) of the RSFSR and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Labor and Defense (STO) of the RSFSR. After the formation of the USSR in December 1922, Kamenev became a member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Since 1923, Kamenev became the deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the STO of the USSR, as well as the director of the Lenin Institute.
After Lenin's death in February 1924, he became chairman of the STO of the USSR (until 1926).
At the end of 1922, together with G. E. Zinoviev and Stalin, he formed a “triumvirate” directed against L. D. Trotsky, which, in turn, served as an impetus for the formation of the left opposition in the RCP (b).
However, in 1925, together with Zinoviev and N. K. Krupskaya, he stood in opposition to Stalin and Bukharin, who was gaining strength; became one of the leaders of the so-called "new", or "Leningrad", and since 1926 - the united opposition. At the XIV Congress of the CPSU (b) in December 1925, Kamenev declared: “Comrade Stalin cannot play the role of a unifier of the Bolshevik headquarters. We are against the theory of one-man command, we are against creating a leader.”
At the plenum of the Central Committee, which took place immediately after the congress, for the first time since 1919, Kamenev was elected only as a candidate member, and not a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and on 16.01. On November 26, 1926, he was appointed plenipotentiary in Italy. He was listed as ambassador in the period 11/26/1926 - 01/07/1928.
In October 1926, he was removed from the Politburo, in April 1927 - from the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, and in October 1927 - from the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In December 1927, at the XV Congress of the CPSU (b), he was expelled from the party. Exiled to Kaluga. Soon he issued a statement admitting mistakes.
In June 1928 he was reinstated in the party. In 1928-1929. was the head of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR, and from May 1929 - Chairman of the Main Concession Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
In October 1932, he was again expelled from the party for non-information in connection with the case of the "Union of Marxist-Leninists" and sent into exile in Minusinsk.
In December 1933, he was again reinstated in the party and appointed director of the scientific publishing house Academia. At the XVII Congress of the CPSU (b) he delivered a speech of repentance, which did not save him from further repressions. He was not elected to the Congress of Writers of the USSR.
After the murder of S. M. Kirov, in December 1934 he was arrested again and on 01/16/1935, in the case of the so-called "Moscow Center", was sentenced to 5 years in prison, and then, on 06/27/1935, in the case of the "Kremlin Library and Commandant's Office of the Kremlin", sentenced to 10 years in prison.
In August 1936, he was brought as a defendant to the First Moscow Trial - in the case of the so-called "Trotskyist-Zinoviev United Center", on 08/24/1936 he was sentenced to capital punishment and on 08/25/1936 he was shot. In 1988, he was rehabilitated due to the lack of corpus delicti.