Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich

Other names: Vovsi
Years of life: 1890—1948
Reproduction methods:
Solomon Mikhailovich Mikhoels (real name Vovsi) 1890-1948, is an outstanding Soviet Jewish theater actor and director, teacher, public and political figure. Chief director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater (Moscow GOSET), head of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, member of the Artistic Council of the Committee for Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (since 1939). People's Artist of the USSR (1939), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1946).
Killed by officers of the USSR Ministry of State Security, who received the highest state awards of the USSR for this operation. The main organizers and performers of this action are V.S. Abakumov, S.I. Ogoltsov, L.F. Tsanava, F.G. Shubnyakov, V.E. Lebedev, B.A. Kruglov, A.Kh. Kosyrev, N.F. Povzun. The murder was disguised as a traffic accident.
Solomon Vovsi was born on March 4 (16), 1890 in Dvinsk (at that time Vitebsk province, the Pale of Settlement, now Daugavpils, Latvia), into a patriarchal Jewish family. He received a traditional Jewish primary education in cheder. According to the actor himself, he “only began to systematically study secular sciences and the Russian language at the age of thirteen.” Then in 1905 he entered a real school in Riga and graduated from it in 1908. In 1911 he entered the Kiev Commercial Institute, but did not graduate - he was expelled for participating in student unrest. From 1915 to 1918 he also studied at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University.
After the revolution in 1918, he entered the Jewish Theater Studio of A. M. Granovsky, organized in Petrograd. Since 1919 he actively played on stage. He played in the plays “The Blind” by Maeterlinck (staged by A. Granovsky), “Amnon and Tomor” by S. Asch, “Uriel Acosta” by K. Gutskov, and in his own play “The Builder”.
In 1920, he moved to Moscow with his studio. In 1925, he transformed the studio into the Moscow State Jewish Theater, and in 1929 he became the artistic director of this theater.
In 1928, Mikhoels toured with GOSET in Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Austria. Along with theatrical work, Mikhoels taught at the school at the Moscow Jewish Theater (since 1941 - professor).
During the Second World War, together with the GOSET theater in 1941, he went on evacuation to Tashkent, where he participated in the work of not only the Jewish theater, but also in the Uzbek Drama Theater named after. Hamza, as well as the Uzbek State Opera and Ballet Theater.
In February 1942, when, on the initiative of the Soviet leadership, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) was created to “involve the Jewish masses around the world in the fight against fascism,” Mikhoels became the first chairman of this committee. In 1943, on behalf of the JAC, he traveled to the USA, Canada, Mexico and the UK with propaganda assignments for organizing financial support for the military actions of the USSR.
He was a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Theater Society and the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Artists.
According to the version released to the public after his death, Mikhoels, on the night of January 12-13, 1948, during a trip to Minsk, together with his friend, writer V.I. Golubov, was hit by a truck as a result of an accident and died. Mikhoels was given a state funeral and collections of his memory were published. GOSET was given the name Mikhoels (at the beginning of 1949 the name was removed).
However, at the beginning of April 1953, after the arrest of V. S. Abakumov, the former Minister of State Security of the USSR, on the initiative of the Minister of Internal Affairs L. P. Beria, an investigation was carried out, during which it was shown in detail that Mikhoels (as well as his companion , a former secret informant for the MGB) were deliberately killed by a special group of MGB officers under the leadership of Lieutenant Generals S.I. Ogoltsov and L.F. Tsanava (head of the MGB of Belarus) and Colonel F.G. Shubnyakov. According to Abakumov’s testimony, on the direct personal orders of Stalin.
Also in 1948, the JAC was dissolved, and most of its members were soon subjected to repression. In July 1949, the GOSET theater was also closed.
During the so-called “The Doctors’ Case”, at the beginning of 1953, Mikhoels’ cousin, military doctor M.S. Vovsi, was arrested, and Mikhoels himself was posthumously declared a participant in the doctors’ conspiracy. An order was received from the Central Committee apparatus to remove all books and albums about Mikhoels from libraries. Due to the death of Stalin that followed a little over a month later and the release of those arrested in connection with the case, the name of Mikhoels could not be made taboo, but the GOSET theater was never restored.
In Tel Aviv (Israel) a square is named after Mikhoels. In Daugavpils (Latvia) a street is named after him.
In the 1990s, film director Mark Averbukh made the film “Stalin’s Personal Enemy,” dedicated to the memory of Solomon Mikhoels.
Linked persons: Вовси Мирон Семенович, Потоцкая Анастасия Павловна

Cases (1)

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Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich

Documents (7)

Fund 02 (Б-1) / Inventory 1 / Case Лифшиц Юрий Константинович
5. Interview with Lifshits Yu.K. about arrest, investigation and imprisonment. Recorded by Yusupova M.I. in December 1994 – March 1995.
7 листов, машинопись
Alexandrov, Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich, Vyushin, Dimitrov, Kaganovich Mikhail Moiseevich, Kiselev, Livanovsky, Lifshits Maria Lazarevna, Lifshits Yury Konstantinovich, Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich, Popov, Romanovsky, Tanev Vasil Konstantinov, Schmidt, Engelke Alexander Alexandrovich, Yusupova Marianna Ilyinichna
1994 - 1995
Fund 03 (Б-2) / Inventory 1 / Case Печуро Сусанна Соломоновна
9. Article "Pierwsza proba buntu" in the almanac "Karta" No. 26, 1998, pp. 105-118, in Polish.
Article "Pierwsza proba buntu" in the almanac "Karta" No. 26, 1998, pp. 105-118, in Polish. , pdf
7 листов, 15 изображений, брошюра, файл (присоединённый)
1998
Fund 03 (Б-2) / Inventory 1 / Case Сахаров Андрей Дмитриевич
69. Article by Bonner E. “Who needs myths?” and an open letter from Sakharov A.D. President of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.P. Alexandrov dated October 20, 1980 in the magazine “Ogonyok” No. 11 for 1990.
2 листа, 3 изображения, газетная/журнальная вырезка
Alexandrov Anatoly Petrovich, Alekseeva Liza, Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich, Bolonkin Alexander Alexandrovich, Bonner Elena Georgievna, Bonner Ruf Grigorievna, Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich, Bukovsky Vladimir Konstantinovich, Burlatsky Fedor Mikhailovich, Velikanova Tatyana Mikhailovna, Velikhov Evgeniy Pavlovich, Vonsovsky Sergey Vasilievich, Galich (Ginzburg) Alexander Arkadevich, Ginzburg Alexander Ilyich, Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich, Hitler Adolf, Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich, Grigorenko Petr Grigorievich, d'Estaing Valéry Giscard, Kovalev Sergey Adamovich, Kudirka Simas, Kuznetsov Sergey Vladimirovich, Lavut Alexander Pavlovich, Leibowitz J., Maksimov Vladimir Emelyanovich (Lev Alekseevich Samsonov), Manucharov Arkady Manvelovich, Marchenko Anatoly Tikhonovich, Mitterrand Francois, Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich, Nedelin Mitrofan Ivanovich, Nekipelov Viktor Alexandrovich, Orlov Yury Fyodorovich, Pablo Neruda (birth name: Ricardo Eliaser Neftali Reyes Basoalto), Panasenko S., Rekunkov Alexander Mikhailovich, Sakharov Andrey Dmitrievich, Sakharov Dmitry Andreevich, Sakharova Tatyana Andreevna, Slavsky Efim Pavlovich, Ternovsky Leonard Borisovich, Handler Philip, Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich, Qingsheng Wei, Sharansky Anatoly (Natan) Borisovich, Yakovlev Nikolay Nikolaevich
1990
Fund 03 (Б-2) / Inventory 1 / Case Сахаров Андрей Дмитриевич
79. Memoirs of A.D. Sakharov, published in the magazine “Znamya” No. 10, 11, 12 for 1990.
Memoirs of Sakharov A.D., published in the magazine "Znamya" No. 10,11,12 for 1990 , pdf
79 листов, 158 изображений, газетная/журнальная вырезка, файл (присоединённый)
* Egor Vasilievich, * Zinaida Pavlovna, * Raya, Avakyan, Agrest Matest Mendelevich, Adamsky Viktor Borisovich, Adzhubey (Khrushcheva) Rada Nikitichna, Alexandrov Anatoly Petrovich, Alexandrov Anatoly Sergeevich, Alexandrovich V.A., Alekseeva Liza, Alikhanov Abram Isaakovich, Alpert Yakov Lvovich, Altshuler Lev Vladimirovich, Amdursky, Andronikov Irakli Luarsabovich, Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich, Arnold Igor Vladimirovich, Artsimovich Lev Andreevich, Akhmatova Anna Andreevna, Babenysheva Marina, Bavli, Balashov F.P., Bandrovskaya Valentina Vladimirovna, Barenblatt Grigory Isaakovich, Barenblatt Isaac Grigorievich, Bashun Anatoly, Becker Anna Pavlovna, Belenky Semyon Zakharovich, Bellegarde Sergei Konstantinovich, Beria Lavrenty Pavlovich, Bernstein Bob, Bethe Hans Albrecht, Blokhintsev Dmitry Ivanovich, Bludov Mikhail Ivanovich, Boborykin Petr Dmitrievich, Bogolyubov Nikolai Nikolaevich, Bonner Elena Georgievna, Bonner Ruf Grigorievna, Bor Nils, Boshyan Gevork Mnatsakanovich, Brekhovskikh Leonid Maksimovich, Bronshtein Matvey Petrovich, Bukovsky Vladimir Konstantinovich, Bulganin Nikolay Alexandrovich, Butaeva, Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich, Bykov Konstantin Mikhailovich, Bane N.P., Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, Vavilov Sergey Ivanovich, Vannikov Boris Lvovich, Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich, Veksler Vladimir Iosifovich, Veresaev (Smidovich) Vikenty Vikentievich, Witt Alexander Adolfovich, Vikhirev Alexey Ivanovich, Vikhireva Zinaida Alekseevna, Vikhireva Klavdiya Alekseevna, Vikhireva (Snezhkina) Matryona Alekseevna, Vishnevsky B., Vladimirsky K.V., Vlasov Anatoly Alexandrovich, Volpin (Yesenin-Volpin) Alexander Sergeevich, Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich, Vrublevsky, Vyshinsky Andrey Yanuarievich, Gavrilov Viktor Yulianovich, Gagarin Yuri Alekseevich, Galanskov Yury Timofeevich, Galich (Ginzburg) Alexander Arkadevich, Gamov Georgy Antonovich, Geilikman Boris Tovievich, Gelfand Israel Moiseevich, Gelfand Israel Moiseevich, Henry Ernst (Rostovsky Semyon Nikolaevich, Khentov Leonid (Leib) Abramovich), Georgadze Mikhail Porfirievich, Gershtein Semyon Solomonovich, Gessen Elena, Ginzburg Alexander Ilyich, Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich, Ginzburg Evgenia Semenovna (Solomonovna), Gnedin (Gelfand) Evgeny Alexandrovich, Goldenweiser Alexander Borisovich, Goldenweiser (Sofiano) Anna Alekseevna, Goldenweiser Tatyana Borisovna, Gorkin Alexander Fedorovich, Gribov Vladimir Naumovich, Green Ashbel, Guryanov Pavel, Davidenko Viktor Alexandrovich, Dyson Freeman, Daniel Yuly Markovich, Dankov S.M., Degtyar Mikhail Borisovich, Dekanozov Vladimir Georgievich, Dzhelepov Venedikt Petrovich, Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich, Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice, Dmitriev Nikolay Alexandrovich, Dobrovolsky Alexey Alexandrovich, Dometti Aglaida Alexandrovna, Drell Sydney David, Dubinin Nikolay Petrovich, Yezhov Nikolay Ivanovich, Zhdanov Andrey Alexandrovich, Zhivlyuk Yury Nikolaevich, Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, Zababakhin Evgeny Ivanovich, Zavenyagin Avraamy Pavlovich, Zaitseva Dusya, Zverev (not a real name), Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich, Zubarev Dmitry Nikolaevich, Zubarev Dmitry Nikolaevich, Zysin Yuri Aronovich, Ivanov Anatoly Mikhailovich, Izraileva Rebekka Izrailevna, Ilyichev Leonid Fedorovich, Ilyushin Alexey Antonovich, Ioffe Boris Lazarevich, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, Kalugina Faina Petrovna, Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich, Kassirsky Iosif Abramovich, Kaftanov Sergey Vasilievich, Katsnelson, Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, Kennedy John Fitzgerald, Kikoin Isaak Konstantinovich (real patronymic Kushelevich), Kirillin Vladimir Alekseevich, Kirov Sergey Mironovich, Kirov Sergey Mironovich, Kline Edward, Kletenik D.V., Klimov Valentin Nikolaevich, Kobzarev Igor Yurievich, Kobulov Bogdan Zakharovich, Kozlov Boris Nikolaevich, Kozlov Frol Romanovich, Kolmogorov Andrei Nikolaevich, Kompaneets Alexander Solomonovich, Robert Conquest, Korolev Sergei Pavlovich, Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich, Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich, Creek Francis, Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich, Kudryavtsev Vsevolod Alexandrovich, Kudryavtsev Oleg Vsevolodovich, Kudryavtseva Olga Yakovlevna, Kuznetsov Viktor Vasilievich, Kunin Petr Efimovich, Kurchatov Igor Vasilievich, Lavrentiev Alexey Lavrentievich, Lavrentyev Mikhail Alekseevich, Lakoba Saria Akhmedovna, Lakoba Nestor Apollonovich, Landau Lev Davidovich, Landsberg Grigory Samuilovich, Lashkova Vera Iosifovna, Lashkova Vera Iosifovna, Lbov Alexander, Lebedinsky Alexander Ignatievich, Leypunsky Ovsey Ilyich, Lenin (Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich, Leontovich Mikhail Alexandrovich, Leperovsky, Lepeshinskaya Olga Borisovna, Linde Andrey Dmitrievich, Linde Dmitry Pavlovich, Lifshits Evgeniy Mikhailovich, Lifshits Ilya Mikhailovich, Lurie Richard, Lysenko Trofim Denisovich, Lvov Nikolay, Maksimov Vladimir Emelyanovich (Lev Alekseevich Samsonov), Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich, Malik Yakov Alexandrovich, Malinovskaya Elena, Malinovsky Alexander Alexandrovich, Malov A.N., Malov N.N., Malyshev Vyacheslav Alexandrovich, Malyshev F.N., Malyshev Fedor Petrovich, Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich, Mandelstam Sergey Leonidovich, Markish Perets Davidovich, Markov Moisey Alexandrovich, Medvedev Zhores Alexandrovich, Medvedev Roy Alexandrovich, Merkulov Vsevolod Nikolaevich, Meshik Pavel Yakovlevich, Meshcheryakov Mikhail Grigorievich, Migdal Arkady Beinusovich (Benediktovich)., Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich (Ovanesovich), Mitin Mark Borisovich (real name - Gershkovich), Mitkevich Vladimir Fedorovich, Mikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich, Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich, Mlodzeevsky Anatoly Boleslavovich, Moiseev Nikolay Dmitrievich, Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, Moskalenko Kirill Semyonovich, Muzrukov Boris Glebovich, Negin Evgeniy Arkadevich, Nedelin Mitrofan Ivanovich, Nemirovskaya Alexandra (Shurochka), Nemirovsky Pavel Emmanuilovich, Nesmeyanov Alexander Nikolaevich, Nikolsky Mikhail Konstantinovich, Novikov Ivan Kuzmich, Norden Alexander Petrovich, Nuzhdin Nikolay Ivanovich, Obolensky Valerian Valerianovich, Obukhov Alexander Mikhailovich, Okun Lev Borisovich, Olshansky Mikhail Alexandrovich, Oparin Alexander Ivanovich, Oppenheimer Robert, Orlov Yuri, Pablo Neruda (birth name: Ricardo Eliaser Neftali Reyes Basoalto), Pavlov Nikolay Ivanovich, Pavsha I.V., Penkovsky Oleg Vladimirovich, Pervukhin Mikhail Georgievich, Pereverzev Dmitry Semenovich, Perelman Yakov Isidorovich, Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich, Plevako Fedor Nikiforovich, Plisetskaya Maya Mikhailovna, Plyushch Alexander Lvovich, Pomeranchuk Isaac Yakovlevich, Ponomarev Leonid Ivanovich, Predvoditelev Alexander Savvich, Protopopov A.N., Pumper, Rabinovich Adolf Iosifovich, Rabinovich Evsey Markovich, Rabinovich Matvey Samsonovich, Radek Sofya Karlovna, Rakobolskaya Irina Vyacheslavovna, Ribbentrop Joachim von, Rokotov Yan Timofeevich, Romanov Yuri Alexandrovich, Rothman Tony, Rudanovsky, Rumer Yuri Borisovich, Sahakyan Gurgen Serobovich, Savishchev (Savushchev?) Konstantin, Sakata Shoichi, Samoilov Boris Nikolaevich, Sarkisov Gaek (Gennady) Bogdanovich, Sakharov Andrey Dmitrievich, Sakharov Dmitry Andreevich, Sakharov Dmitry Ivanovich, Sakharov Ivan Ivanovich, Sakharov Ivan Ivanovich, Sakharov Ivan Nikolaevich, Sakharov Mikhail Ivanovich, Sakharov Nikolai Ivanovich, Sakharov Nikolai Ivanovich, Sakharov Sergey Ivanovich, Sakharov Yuri Ivanovich, Sakharova (Domukhovskaya) Maria Petrovna, Sakharova Ekaterina Ivanovna, Sakharova Ekaterina Ivanovna, Sakharova Irina Nikolaevna, Sakharova Lyubov Andreevna, Sakharova (Oliger) Evgenia Alexandrovna, Sakharova (Sofiano) Ekaterina Alekseevna, Sakharova Tatyana Andreevna, Svetlichny Ivan Alekseevich, Sedov Leonid Ivanovich, Semenov Alexey Ivanovich, Semichastny Vladimir Efimovich, Sergievsky, Szilard (Szilard) Leo, Sinai Yakov Grigorievich, Sinyavsky Andrey Donatovich (Abram Tertz), Skryabin Alexander Nikolaevich, Skubur Ekaterina, Slavsky Efim Pavlovich, Slavsky Efim Pavlovich, Smagin Boris, Smirnov Leonid Vasilievich, Snegov Alexey Vladimirovich (Iosif Izrailevich Falikzon), Sofiano Alexey Semenovich, Sofiano Vladimir Alekseevich, Sofiano Evgeniy Vladimirovich, Sofiano Konstantin Alekseevich, Sofiano (Mukhanova) Zinaida Evgrafovna, Sofiano Tatyana Alekseevna, Sofronitsky Vladimir Vladimirovich, Spivak Grigory Veniaminovich, Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich, Suslov Mikhail Andreevich, Takibaev Zhabaga Suleimenovich, Taksar Tamara, Tamm Igor Evgenievich, Teller Edward, Ter-Martirosyan, Timashuk Lidiya Feodosyevna, Timiryazev Arkady Klimentievich, Timofeev-Resovsky (Ressovsky) Nikolai Vladimirovich, Titov German Stepanovich, Tikhonov Andrey Nikolaevich, Truman Harry, Trutnev Yuri Alekseevich, Tupolev Andrey Nikolaevich, Tyutin Igor Viktorovich, Umansky Grisha, Watson James, Ustinov Dmitry Fedorovich, Fabrikant Valentin Aleksandrovich, Faybishenko Vladislav, Farge Yves, Fedorov Evgeniy Konstantinovich, Feinberg Evgeny Lvovich, Feynman Richard Phillips, Feldman Elena, Feodoritov Vyacheslav Petrovich, Feoktistov Lev Petrovich, Fishman David Abramovich, Fomin Petr Fomich, Fradkin Efim Samoilovich, Frank-Kamenetsky David Albertovich, Fuchs Emil Julius Klaus (Klaus Fuchs), Fursov Vasily Stepanovich, Khariton Julius Borisovich, Khaustov Viktor Alexandrovich, Holloway David, Khriplovich Iosif Bentsionovich, Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich, Zeitlin Yakov, Zinger Alexander Vasilievich, Tsirkov Georgy Alexandrovich, Tsukerman Veniamin Aronovich, Chavchanidze Vladimir Valerianovich, Churchill Winston, Chesnokov Dmitry Ivanovich, Shabat Boris Vladimirovich, Shalnikov Alexander Iosifovich, Shapiro Zorya Yakovlevna, Shaskolskaya Marianna Petrovna, Shafarevich Igor Rostislavovich, Schweitzer Albert, Schweitzer Mikhail Abramovich, Shelkov Vladimir Andreevich, Shepilov Dmitry Trofimovich, Shirkov Dmitry Vasilievich, Shirshov, Shklovsky Iosif Samuilovich, Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich, Shpolsky E.V., Shubin Semyon Petrovich, Shuiskaya Natalia Vasilievna, Shchelkin Kirill Ivanovich, Shcherbakov Alexander Sergeevich, Eisenhower Dwight David, Eikhe Robert Indrikovic, Elsgolts Lev Ernestovich, Engelhardt Vladimir Alexandrovich, Erenburg Ilya Grigorievich, Yukawa Hideki, Yavlinsky, Yaglom Akiva Moiseevich, Yaglom Isaac Moiseevich, Yagoda Genrikh Grigorievich, Yakir Petr Ionovich, Yakovlev Alexander Sergeevich, Yakovlev Dmitry, Yakushkin Nikolay Vyacheslavovich, Yankelevich Efrem Vladimirovich, Yasnov Mikhail Alekseevich
1990